27. Negative
Negative Conjugations
So far, You’ve learned Korean has 3 conjugations for simple describing. It was ‘하다 (do, be + adjective)’, ‘이다(be + noun)’ and ‘있다(location / possession)’. Negative conjugations are different on each. Let’s see how different they are.
with 하다 verb (verb / adjective)
Korean 하다 verb uses prefix 안 to make ‘don’t’. It’s very similar to ‘not’ or ‘no’. Simply add ‘안’ before a root on each speech style to make a negative form.
Basic Form (하다 style) | 해요 colloquial style | |
After a noun | After a root | |
하다 | 안 + 하다 + 어요 negative + verb + Ending |
안 + root + 하다 + 어요 negative + root + verb + Ending |
Do Be + Adjective |
= 안해요 = don’t = be not |
= 안root아요 = 안root어요 = don’t = be not |
저는 문자 자주 안해요
I don’t text often
= Present negative after a noun
저는 아침 안먹어요
I don’t have breakfast
= Present negative after a root
저는 공포 영화 안봐요
I don’t watch horror movies
= Present negative after a root with 아요 conjugation
준은 어제 참석 안했어요
Jun didn’t attend yesterday
= past negative
with 이다 verb (be a noun)
The negative form of 이다 is similar to 하다 verbs but It’s slightly different. It also uses ‘안’ prefix to make a negative form. It’s very easy.
Basic Form (하다 style) | 해요 colloquial style |
이다 | 안 + 이다 + 에요 Negative + Be |
Be + Noun | = 아니에요 = was / were + a noun |
이예요 takes ‘ㄴ’ in 안 as a consonant. So it becomes ‘아니예요’.
제 책은 아니에요
It’s not my book
= Present tense
저는 미국 사람이 아니에요
I’m not American
= You may need to learn it because a lot of Koreans often think foreigners are American.
장난감은 아니었어요
It was not a toy
= Past tense (Koreans often write it )
선생님은 안될거에요
I won’t be a teacher
= Future tense, In the future tense lesson, you’ve learn 이다 verb means different than English ‘will be’ so you can use ‘되다(become)’ instead.
아니에요
아니에요 also means the simple answer for ‘no’ or ‘nothing’ for be + noun questions. You can use 아니요 instead. 아니요 is better for every situation.
A: 학생이에요?
Are you a student?
B: 아니에요
No, I’m not
A: 이거 준씨 꺼예요?
Is it yours Jun?
B: 아니요
No
with 있다 verb (Location / Possession)
있다 literally means ‘there is’. It’s a phrase in English but a verb in Korean. So, the negative form of 있다 should be ‘There isn’t’ right? And Korean has the vocabulary for ‘There isn’t’. It’s 없다. 없다 is really important because Koreans use it really often.
Basic Form (하다 style) | Negative |
있다 | 없다 |
have be (location) |
Don’t have Be not (location) |
아무도 없어요
There is no one
코끼리는 없어요
There is no elephant
재미없어요
It’s not fun
= 재미 is a noun means fun. Koreans say ‘there is fun’ or ‘there is no fun’ to say ‘it’s fun’ or ‘it’s not fun’
준은 지금 집에 없어요
Jun isn’t home now
= Location
저는 핸드폰이 없어요
I don’t have a cellphone
= Possession
Can’t
안 means ‘not’ but you can’t use it to say ‘can’t’ in Korean. Korean has another prefix for ‘can’t’. You will learn it very soon.
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